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Daily Dharma

The mantra of Junje bodhisattva:

Namu Sadanam Samyak Samotda Guchinam Danyata Om Ja Rye Ju Rye Junje Sabaha Burim (three times)

Now that I vow to recite the great Junje Mantra faithfully and to retain great Bodhi-mind, I am confident that I shall be directed to practice through samadhi and wisdom and see the brightness, to do charitable and pious acts, to attain victorious fortunes, and to attain Buddhahood with the people of this world.

The ten great vows:

  • I will always stay far from the three evil ways.
  • I will quickly cut off desire, anger, and ignorance.
  • I will always listen to Buddha, dharma, and sangha.
  • I will diligently cultivate precepts, meditation, and cognition.
  • I will constantly cultivate Buddha’s teaching.
  • I will never abandon the enlightenment-mind.
  • I will always be reborn under favorable conditions.
  • I will quickly see Buddha-nature.
  • I will project myself throughout the universe.
  • I will freely save all beings.

...quoted from the Translation of the Thousand Eyes and Hands Sutra in the Kwan Um School of Zen Chant Book

Who is Junje Bosal?

Yesterday afternoon, I was really engaged in solving this puzzle. Who is Junje Bosal? I was up past 1:00 this morning searching for the answer. By the time I found it, I was too tired to write it all down, so here goes...

Having found only a few references to Junje Bosal, I started to wonder if perhaps there was a transliteration issue. There is no standard romanization for Korean... The Korean word for bodhisattva [보살] is written as Bosal and Posal. I decided to consult the source—The Thousand Eyes and Hands Sutra.

The Sutra is included in the Kwan Um School of Zen chanting book. Reading the translation, you will find a few references to Junje Bosal. Here is the first:

I receive the great Junje Bosal,16
who is the mother of seven billion Buddhas.

Note 16 provided just a bit more information on Junje:

Bodhisattva possessing magical powers.

Well, I didn't get the name, but I had something to go on. My first search on Bodhisattvas with magical powers turned up an interesting pamphlet that I'll probably read later. Next I started looking for references to the "mother of seven billion Buddhas." That was when I struck gold:

Cundi Bodhisattva

The word 'Cundi' literally means 'extremely pure'. Due to her status as the Mother of all the Lotus Deities in Tantrism, so she has the epithet of Mother Buddha, Cundi Mother Buddha is also called the Seven Koti Mother Buddha, which means that she is the Mother of Seven Billion Buddhas and Bodhisattvas.

The 18 arms of Cundi Mother Buddha represents the Eighteen Uncommon Methods, which can destroy the ignorance of all sentient beings, whoever practices this deity will eliminate all sins, shall be prevented from all disasters, all wishes in this life regardless of mundane or supramundane Siddhis will be accomplished swiftly. As Cundi has 18 arms and three eyes, so she had very powerful spiritual powers, her secret epithet is 'Most Victorious Vajra'. The pith-instruction of Cundi Mother Buddha Archetype Deity Practice is 'Most Victorious in Purity'.

Heart Mantra is: Om Cale Cule Cundi Svaha
[...from Introduction to True Buddha School's Eight Principle Deities]

The final site I viewed states that Cundi Bodhisattva is also referred to as Maha Cundi. The site posted this description and picture of Junje: Cundi_1

Maha Cundi Bodhisattva is known as the mother of Buddhas, also is one form of Avalokitesvara. She is the seated figure with 18 arms, various Dharma implements she holds represent the many skillful means of Tantra.

Daily Dharma

Chanting meditation means keeping a not-moving mind and perceiving the sound of your own voice. Perceiving your voice means perceiving your true self or true nature. Then you and the sound are never separate, which means that you and the whole universe are never separate. Thus, to perceive our true nature is to perceive universal substance. With regular chanting, our sense of being centered gets stronger and stronger. When we are strongly centered, we can control our feelings, and thus our condition and situation.

...quoted from the Kwan Um School of Zen Chanting with English Translations and Temple Rules

Korean Zen Buddhist Chant

At Still Point we rarely chant during the morning service. I can recall chanting on three occasions. We chanted Sogamoni Bul at our Buddha's Birthday celebration. We chanted Om Tare Tuttare Ture Soha after a dharma talk on the many faces of Tara. We also chanted Kwan Seum Bosal after P'arang gave her annual Right Speech dharma talk.

The only other time I've participated in chanting was during an Intensive Practice meeting. The dharma students passed out copies of The Great Compassion Dharani and encouraged us (the new Intensive Practice students) to chant it with them. I taped it with my digital recorder so I could learn it and chant it at home. Since then I have found the transliteration, an English translation, and a Windows Media Player™ version on the Ocean Eyes Zen Center site.

Today, I learned of another Korean Zen Buddhist Chant called the Thousand Eyes and Hands Sutra. I am officially on vacation for the rest of the year. I spent several hours over the past two days surfing the net in search of like-minded Blogs and other resources. Today, I found and joined a new Yahoo! group—korean_zen. It is a small new group with few posts (less than 20) so I quickly read them all. One post in particular intrigued the student in me and challenged me to do some research.

The question in a nutshell:

Junje Bosal is mentioned repeatedly in the Thousand Hands and Eyes Sutra. Are there other names (Sanskrit/Pali/Chinese/Japansese) that this Bodhisattva is known by?

Another post suggested that Junje Bosal is the equivalent of Manjusuri. I searched for "Korean Buddhist Terminology". The first resource I found was the Buddhapia site which contradicted that claim. (You have to view the page with Korean EUC-KR Character Encoding, otherwise the Hangul looks like jibberish). The Buddhapia site states that the Korean version of Manjusuri is 문수보살 (Moon-So-Bosal).

Next, I did a Google search of "Junje Bosal." There were just a few search results. One hit was for Ocean Eyes Zen Center—a site that I was already familiar with. The reference was found on their mantras page:

NAMU CHILGUJI BUL MODAE JUNJE BOSAL
Makes Great Love, Great compassion. (Mother's Mind) Anytime there is a problem, if you try this, the problem will disappear.

So far, I'm coming up short, but will continue this study later. I'm off to post my results on the korean_zen message board.

Daily Dharma

Whoever was greedy and is now free from greed,whoever was hating and is now free from hating whoever was grudging and is now free from grudging, whoever was hypocritical and is now free from hypocrisy, whoever was spiteful and is now free from spite, whoever was jealous and is now free from jealousy, whoever was mean and is now free from meanness, whoever was untrustworthy and is now free from untrustworthiness, whoever was cunning and is now free from cunning, whoever had evil desires and is now free from evil desires, whoever had wrong views and is now free from wrong views—

Thus, I say, one follows the practice worthy of recluses, one getting rid of the same things that stain recluses, the faults and defects of recluses, things that lead to sorrow, rebirth in a bad place

One sees oneself purified of evil unskillful things and freed from them. Then gladness arises, from gladness comes joy, because of joy the body is tranquil, with a tranquil body one is happy, and the mind of one who is happy is concentrated.

One abides with a mind filled with love, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equanimity, suffusing the first, second, third and fourth quarters of the world. One abides suffusing the whole world— upwards, downwards, across, everywhere— with a mind filled with love, compassion, sympathetic joy, and equinimity, abundant, unbounded, without hatred or ill-will.

...quoted from the November 28th entry in the daily Digital Buddha Vacana (freeware for the Palm OS)

Four Points of Reflection

Time spent in idle chit chat

Today there was more of the same at work. I didn't try to play both sides so everyone would like me. Instead, I listened and reminded myself to stay neutral. I was also able to particpate in a little e-mail banter with my sorority sisters. I have been in a sorority for just over a year now. Being in a sorority forces me to look at the place of friends in my life. It gives me the opportunity to challenge myself in an area that I have neglected since my daughter was born. I have never been one to have more than a few close friends in my life at a given time... typically less than five people that I call somewhat frequently. I am not a phone person. I can't spend hours on end on the phone jabbering away every day. I don't have time for it. But I do enjoy the company and conversation of good friends. Last year when I gained 14 line sisters and a worldwide collective of sorority sisters, I was a bit taken aback. I can't say that I have fully taken advantage of the opportunity to move beyond my comfort zone and expand my circle of friends and confidantes. Today's entry in the Digital Buddha Vacana is an infamous exchange between Buddha and Ananda on friendship as the holy life:

Ven. Ananda said to the Blessed One, "This is half of the holy life, lord: admirable friendship, admirable companionship, admirable camaraderie."

"Don't say that, Ananda. Don't say that. Admirable friendship, admirable companionship, admirable camaraderie is actually the whole of the holy life. When a monk has admirable people as friends, companions, and comrades, he can be expected to develop and pursue the noble eightfold path.

If the whole of the spiritual life is good friends, I am not living it fully. I could stretch myself a bit and begin to engage my sorors and my Sangha... bringing more presence and attention to my relationship with both of these new groups in my life.

Particular resistance(s) to my practice

I'm still disorganized, and I've developed a serious resistance to getting up on time in the morning. My alarm goes off at 4:45 every morning. I lie there listening to NPR until I fall asleep again. Then I wake up at 6:15 intending to jump out of bed and scramble to get out of the house at 7:00. Then I continue to lie there until 6:30 or 6:40 when I know I'm really in trouble—no matter how much I rush, I'll be late.

What troubled me most today

I'm too burned out to care about my late problem. This troubles me. You can't course correct when you don't care about staying on course. It is hard enough to remain integrous when you want to... it is damned near impossible to do so when you are indifferent.

What made me happy today

Two more days and I'm on vacation for the rest of the year. I also resolved a challenge at work reducing the amount of work I have to do to complete one of my projects by at least 50%. I watched myself as the bickering and in-fighting went on around me. I tried to be mindful of what I said. I paid attention instead of falling into the usual trap... participating in gossip and idle chit chat.

Daily Dharma

Meditation is not easy. It takes time and it takes energy. It also takes grit, determination, and discipline. It requires a host of personal qualities that we normally regard as unpleasant and like to avoid whenever possible. We can sum up all of these qualities in the American word gumption. Meditation takes gumption. It is certainly a great deal easier just to sit back and watch television. So why bother? Why waste all that time and energy when you could be out enjoying yourself? Why? Simple. Because you are human. Just because of the simple fact that you are human, you find yourself heir to an inherent unsatisfactoriness in life that simply will not go away. You can suppress it from your awareness for a time; you can distract yourself for hours on end, but it always comes back, and usually when you least expect it. All of a sudden, seemingly out of the blue, you sit up, take stock, and realize your actual situation in life.

—Bhante Henepola Gunaratana

...quoted in Chapter 1, Meditation: Why Bother? in Mindfulness in Plain English by Bhante Henepola Gunaratana, page 7

Four Points of Reflection

Time spent in idle chit chat

Today, not so much. A little banter back and forth with a co-worker... We do it to cope with the climate at work, but nothing changes.

Particular resistance(s) to my practice

My life is totally disorganized right now. The house is disorganized. I seem to wait until the last minute to get critical things done. Right now, I should have a load of laundry going while I write. I'm getting up to load the washing machine now.

Well, that's done... but there is so much more to do. I have three baskets of clean clothes in the laundry room that need to be folded and put away. I have a room full of papers (junk mail, my daughter's school work, holiday shopping magazines, etc.) that need to be processed, organized or thrown away. I have so much packing to do! Next week, I pick up the keys for our new apartment. I will be moving the week before Christmas, and I haven't started to get anything organized.

This is not Zen. Zen is orderly. Zen is disciplined. Zen requires doing all the little mundane things that need to be done with mindful attention.

I cannot sit in my room right now. There is too much clutter. It prevents me from sticking to my schedule. I haven't been meditating lately. Instead, I've been thinking about Mu [무]. Not practicing with it... trying to intellectualize it. I see what I'm doing when I'm doing it, and I know it is futile. I do it anyway. This is the part of starting Koan practice that worried me. I think I can beat the dealer. I think I can outsmart these crazy questions. Consciously, I know how ridiculous it is to think these thoughts. Unconsciously, I believe I am "smart enough" to crack open koans with the power of my intellect.

So, in a nutshell... ego, disorganization and procrastination are the resistances I'm dealing with. (Besides the fact I have a mad crush on someone right now).

I couldn't sleep last night for thinking about the possibility of him. It is such a reach—to think that anything would ever develop between us—but I can't stop thinking about it.

What troubled me most today

I mentioned before that the climate is difficult. I work on what is currently a three person team. The other two people on my team don't get along and don't like each other. One is a co-worker, the other our supervisor... it gets really difficult to maintain neutrality sometimes. I take issue with both of them. Like everyone else, they both have issues they could work on. Instead, they each spend a lot of time talking about each other. I participate on both sides (even if my participation means simply listening to my boss criticize my co-worker) while I shouldn't be on either side. Today I felt like I was facing a firing squad. The supervisor started asking 20 questions about why my co-worker hasn't finished a critical deliverable. I told the truth, but I'm not happy with myself. I unintentionally stabbed a friend in the back. I should've minded my own business. I should've been strong enough to stay out of the middle of a mess. Sometimes it's hard to know what to do in the moment. I am brilliant at thinking up flippant come-back lines a day or two after the fact. Today, I just folded... I gave up the goods... I felt like a rat. This is what happens when I don't practice... my mindfulness is weak and I screw up.

What made me happy today

Writing this journal entry makes me happy. The fact that I "got off it" and returned a phone call I was hesitant to return and do what I said I would do made me happy. Restoring the kitchen to order made me happy. Now I just have to tackle what's left so I can clear some space for my practice.

Daily Dharma

Don't let go of Mu even for a moment while sitting, standing, walking, eating, working ... To become lax even for a second is to separate yourself from Mu. Even when you go to bed continue to absorb yourself in Mu and when you awaken, awaken with your mind focused on Mu. At every moment your entire attention must be concentrated on penetrating Mu ... You will become enlightened only after you have poured the whole force of your being into oneness with Mu ... Once you realize Mu, you know that nothing can be opposed to it, since everything is Mu ... In the intense asking, "What is Mu?" you bring the reasoning mind to an impass, void of every thought ... Trying to answer "What is Mu?" rationally is like trying to smash your fist through an iron wall ... Only through unthinking absorption in Mu can you achieve oneness ... Mu is beyond meaning and no meaning.

—Yasutani Roshi

...quoted in Chapter 5, Zen Meditation Exercises in Thorsons Principles of Zen by Martine Batchelor, pages 85-86

My First Koan

Our teacher is gently preparing the sangha for next year's transition. After founding Still Point and offering five years of service, she will step down as our Guding Teacher and pass the reins to a recently ordained Dharma student. He is a great teacher. He oversees the Intensive Practice program. He wakes us up. He is funny, gentle, kind, and very serious about this practice. He will be great for Still Point. What I realize, though, is that I have a limited time to practice and study with my first teacher... the teacher who presided over my precepts ceremony and gave me a name. I intend to take advantage of it. I decided when I learned of the transition that I would attend as many interviews as possible from now through September. That was nearly three weeks ago. I haven't missed one yet.

We sit and she watches as I settle into the cushion and count my breaths. She tells me my practice is strong, that she sees that I am serious about my practice, that she intends to push me a bit if it is okay. I nod and smile. She starts to tell me about Mu.

"You can pour everything into Mu... hope, fear, heartbreak, everything." Then she demonstrates. My first instruction was to count my breaths. Breath in... Breathe out "One...." Breathe in... Breathe out "Two...." Now, I breathe in, and breathe out "Mu". I hear her and I get it... it comes right from the abdomen... gentle but constant like the whisper of sea shells. "Now, you try..." Mine is not as gentle or constant as hers yet... my voice breaks a bit, but I push my belly inwards as I try it. It's not comfortable... I will need to work with it a bit, but the prospect excites me. She tells me that many teachers feel that Mu is all you need. Once you have Mu, you have everything. I feel like I've graduated. I smile and push ego away. So I am instructed to take Mu, use it, make it my own, and go save the world.

The student in me accepts that all I have to do is Mu but has to know more. I wouldn't be satisfied until I properly consulted my books, Google searched, collected and documented my findings. This has been a week-long inquiry.

The first article I read online suggested that Mu is not even something to do... it is something to be:

The teaching of mu is a matter of examining the essential question of whom and what we really are, of being pure at heart, and of no longer being confused by what confronts us.

Being mu, or empty of self, allows one to actively take in whatever comes. Our world today and all in it are separated into dualistic distinctions of good and evil, birth and death, gain and loss, self and other, and so on. By being mu, not only does one's self-centeredness disappear, the conflicts that arise with others dissolve as well.

[quotes from the article The Zen Teaching of Mu by the editorial staff of Kateigaho]

MuAfter I read the Kateigaho article, I continued to browse through the results of my Google search. Wikipedia posts a definition of Mu [] along with its Hanja character and a brief account of the koan that inspires practitioners to penetrate Mu. I think the Hanja would make a good T-shirt.

Many Buddhist teachers and writiers have written commentary on Mu. I've bookmarked several articles that I intend to read later:

I'm sure I will post more on this subject as my practice continues. For now, I'll end with the koan as printed in Zen Flesh, Zen Bones:

A monk asked Joshu, a Chinese Zen master:
"Has a dog Buddha-nature or not?"
Joshu answered: "Mu."